Introduction
Zucchini, also known as courgette, is a type of summer squash that is popular to grow at home thanks to its prolific nature and versatile use in cooking. It is a relatively low-maintenance crop that can be grown in a range of settings, from gardens to balconies and even windowsills. Its fast growth means that it can be sown directly outdoors once the danger of frost has passed or started indoors a few weeks beforehand.
Conditions of Growth
Zucchini requires full sun—between six and eight hours daily—and fertile, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should be moist but well-drained, and should have a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5. Zucchini plants are heavy feeders, so it is recommended to mix compost or manure into the soil before planting. They thrive in temperatures above 65ºF (18ºC) and are likely to struggle in cooler climates.
Plantation
Zucchini seeds can be sown directly into the ground once the soil temperature reaches 65ºF – 70ºF. They should be planted approximately 1 inch (2-3cm) deep and 2 to 3 inches (5-7cm) apart, in rows that are spaced 3 to 6 feet (1-2m) apart. If started indoors, seeds should be sown in pots or trays 2 to 4 weeks prior to the last spring frost and then transplanted outdoors once the seeds have germinated and the plants have developed two to three leaves. Whether started indoors or out, make sure to warm the soil with black plastic mulch a few weeks before planting. This can increase the soil temperature by 10ºF.
It is also possible to grow zucchini in containers, which is ideal for those with limited space. Use a pot that is at least 14 inches in diameter and ensure the container has good drainage. Plant two seeds per pot and thin them once they have germinated. Zucchini seeds can also be grown on a windowsill, as long as the window faces south or west.
Care and Maintenance
Zucchini plants require consistent and frequent watering—at least 1 inch (2.5cm) per week—and should be kept moist, especially when the fruits are forming. Water the soil deeply and avoid getting the leaves wet to reduce the risk of disease. Mulching around the base of the plant can help retain moisture. Ensure good air circulation around the plant to minimise the risk of powdery mildew. Remove any dead or dying leaves and keep the area around the plant clear.
Although zucchini plants are relatively low-maintenance, they are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases. Common pests include squash bugs, which can be removed by hand and destroyed, and squash vine borers, whose