Introduction
Broad beans, also called fava beans, are legumes that grow best in cool weather, especially during late winter and springtime. They can also be planted in autumn, as they are hardy annuals. Although not commonly grown on a large scale, broad beans are a valuable crop as they grow at a time when few other vegetables are ready to harvest. Eaten raw or cooked, the young pods can be sliced whole and eaten together with the tender green leaves, or allowed to mature and harvest the seeds within. Fresh or dried, broad beans are a delicious and nutritious addition to any meal. They are also a useful cover crop, as they improve the nitrogen content of the soil.
Conditions de Croissance
Broad beans thrive in full sun or partial shade, preferably in a sheltered spot, and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of around 6.5-7.0. They require consistent moisture but are fairly drought-tolerant.
Plantation
Broad beans can be grown from seeds or young plants. Seeds should be sown about 1-2 inches deep and 4-10 inches apart, in rows 18-30 inches apart, preferably in autumn or spring. If planted in autumn, protect the seeds with a layer of horticultural fleece. For spring planting, sow seeds indoors first, then transplant outside when the plants have developed good roots, usually after 6 weeks.
Soins
Broad beans require minimal care and are low-maintenance. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, especially during the flowering and pod-forming stages. Hoe regularly between the rows to remove weeds. When the plants reach 6-8 inches in height, ridge the base of the plants to favour root development. Start harvesting when the beans are about the size of a thumbnail. Picking the beans regularly – at least twice a week – will encourage further cropping.
To support the tall varieties, especially in windy conditions, use stakes and string. Place a cane at each corner of the row and tie strings about 1 metre apart across the plants. Dwarf varieties do not usually need support.
Protection hivernale
Broad beans are hardy plants and can be left outside during winter. If mice are a problem, place netting over the seeds.
Récolte et stockage
Broad beans can be harvested from late spring to late summer, depending on the variety and the sowing time. The best time to harvest is when the pods are still young and tender, about 6-7cm long. The beans inside should be visibly swollen but the scar on the bean should still be green or white – if it turns black, the beans will be tough.
Broad beans can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 1 week or frozen for later use. They can also be preserved by canning or pickling. Dried beans can be stored in an airtight container for several months.
Conclusion
Broad beans are a tasty, nutritious crop that can be grown easily on a balcony, especially in cool, temperate climates. With the right care and attention, a bountiful harvest of broad beans can be enjoyed throughout the seasons.